sound Archives - Fear Free

Color Me Fear Free

Heather E. LewisThe way people interpret color is tied strongly to human culture and language. For example, feeling blue means feeling sad, and seeing red means feeling angry, at least in Western, English-speaking cultures. But how do animals see and respond to color? The answers are few, as there is little research in this field of study. We can say that dogs and cats see a narrower range of colors than we do. This is because they have traded color vision, biologically speaking, for superior vision at night. Indeed, dogs and cats see much better at night than people do.

Cats have trichromatic vision, just like humans, but they do not see the red end of the human visible spectrum. Dogs have dichromatic vision, which means they do not see anything in the orange and red range in the human visible spectrum. Both species see slightly into the ultraviolet range. This is fascinating as it means that any material that has phosphorous in it, or a whitening or brightening agent derived from phosphorous, will fluoresce slightly under their vision. For example, a piece of paper is a glowing white object to a cat.

Fear Free color palettes have three objectives relating to the little we do know about animal preferences for color and stress reduction for people and animals alike.

To avoid anything bright white that may fluoresce. This is the reason behind abandoning a white doctor coat. People often react with stress to laboratory coats, and this is called “white coat syndrome.” If we are trying to create a low-stress medical experience for animals, it is likely best to dress veterinary doctors in colors that do not stand out. Thus, Fear Free practitioners prefer softer colors for coats and scrubs. Architects should also check the building materials we are using in hospital spaces and avoid materials that fluoresce. You can test for this by using a Woods Lamp (a black light used in the veterinary and human healthcare industries for detecting ringworm), in a space with the lights turned off. The lamp will identify materials that fluoresce.
To use colors that animals can see well, particularly in low-light conditions. If you were to paint a dog or cat medical ward dark red, and have dim lighting in that space, the space would appear dark grey and shadowy to the animals. A lighter space, painted in hues and tones that are brighter and more toward the blue end of the spectrum, will be more visually understandable to the animals. There is very little research on this idea, but one example is a study in mice, who see similarly to dogs and cats. The study indicated that mice “showed clear and consistent individual preferences for cages when offered a choice between white, black, green and red cages. Overall, most mice preferred white cages, then black or green, and red was the least preferred.”[i]
To use colors that are relaxing to people. Think of a spa, and the colors that are used in a spa, which are often toward the bluer end of the spectrum, or they are nature based. Spa color palettes tend to be relaxing to people and remind them to slow down and move carefully and gently. The research of color on human behavior is well understood; fast food restaurants use reds and oranges because they are NOT relaxing, and they motivate you to move along and finish your food quickly, so the booth may be occupied by the next customer. We want to encourage the opposite behavior.

Do not worry about hard and fast rules about color, as they don’t exist. Quite simply, use color as a reminder to yourself to be more considerate of how our animal friends see, and to support a gentler way of being around dogs and cats, and all the animals you care for.

This article was reviewed/edited by board-certified veterinary behaviorist Dr. Kenneth Martin and/or veterinary technician specialist in behavior Debbie Martin, LVT.

Heather E. Lewis, AIA, NCARB, is a principal of Animal Arts, an architectural firm that has exclusively designed animal care facilities, including veterinary hospitals and animal shelters, for more than three decades. She has worked on dozens of projects across the country, both large and small in her 19 years with the firm. Heather is a member of the Fear Free℠ Advisory Board and assisted in creating the Fear Free facility standards for veterinary hospitals. Heather is a regular contributor to various veterinary industry magazines. She has spoken on the design of facilities for the care of animals at dozens of national and regional conferences including Fetch Hospital Design Conferences, the UC Davis Low Stress Animal Handling Conference, and the Humane Society of the United States Animal Care Expo.

Fear Free Shelters: Noise Control Basics

Heather E. LewisNoise is a notorious problem in shelters. When we reduce noise in shelters, we also moderate factors that cause fear, anxiety, and stress. Controlling noise is both an art and a science. Here are some helpful tips:

Create a calm environment and reduce mental stress. Because dogs cause the noise, it is important to ease dogs’ mental stress, so they feel less prone to barking. Regular exercise, outside time, supervised play groups, and walks help them to use their energy in positive ways. Creating feeding, cleaning, and bedtime routines in the shelter whenever possible so dogs know what to expect can also reduce their stress. Limit unpleasant stimulation as much as you can given your means. For example, for some dogs with barrier anxiety, it can be helpful to place a partial barrier on the fronts of their runs, so they have a choice of retreating from visual stimulation. And although it is sound, specially composed calming music may help to relax dogs and promote less barking. When played at low volume, it is meant to create calm rather than to mask noise.
Reduce the reverberation. Once you have done everything you can to lower stress through behavioral means, this is when building materials become more effective. Your best place for noise reduction is the ceiling! Choose a ceiling material with a high Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC). The material should also be cleanable and antimicrobial. This is not impossible, as ceiling materials have improved. We like the Rockfon Medical Plus ceiling panel. This product achieves an NRC of .9, which means that 90 percent of reverberant noise within a tested frequency range is absorbed by the material.
Absorb the sound. In addition to the ceiling, you can place sound-absorbing panels high on the wall to reduce noise in the space. Please note that these sound panels are not enough on their own; they must be paired with the ceiling. Choose a panel with a high NRC and choose the thickest product offered as this one will absorb noise in a broader frequency range. Sound-absorbing panels do not need to be ugly! We use products that can be printed with a photo or image for a custom look.
Contain the noise. Beyond absorbing noise, it is also important to prevent it from affecting other shelter occupants, especially cats. We do this by ensuring that rooms containing dogs also contain the noise. The best way to do this is to build a wall with heavy mass (concrete block, etc.) around the dog housing. You can achieve the same result by layering materials. For example, a stud wall with sound insulation and two layers of drywall on each side will be much better than a stud wall without those materials. Keep in mind that a sound wall is only as good as its weakest point. To design an effective sound wall, do the following:
- Build the wall up to the structure, so no sound “flanks” over the top of the wall.
- Seal penetrations through the wall, such as duct and conduit penetrations.
- Install gasketing around doors into the room, and a sweep on the bottom of the door.
- If there are windows into the room, provide double glazing in the windows.
Separate dogs from other spaces. Despite doing the above, dogs are still loud. We recommend having more than one wall between dogs and cat spaces, or dogs and other quiet spaces such as offices. If the cats are right next to the dogs in your shelter, consider moving them to another room in the building, if possible.
Mask the noise. As a last resort, you can use masking noise to make your shelter feel more pleasant. An example of masking noise is soft white noise. While these sounds can be effective, we put this at the bottom of the list to encourage you to truly solve your noise problems first.

Your shelter does not have to be noisy! With a multifaceted and rigorous approach that begins with reduction of mental stress for dogs, you can create a much more peaceful, Fear Free place for animals and people.

This article was reviewed/edited by board-certified veterinary behaviorist Dr. Kenneth Martin and/or veterinary technician specialist in behavior Debbie Martin, LVT.

Heather E. Lewis, AIA, NCARB, is a principal of Animal Arts, an architectural firm that has exclusively designed animal care facilities, including veterinary hospitals and animal shelters, for more than three decades. She has worked on dozens of projects across the country, both large and small in her 19 years with the firm. Heather is a member of the Fear Free℠ Advisory Board and assisted in creating the Fear Free facility standards for veterinary hospitals. Heather is a regular contributor to various veterinary industry magazines. She has spoken on the design of facilities for the care of animals at dozens of national and regional conferences including Fetch Hospital Design Conferences, the UC Davis Low Stress Animal Handling Conference, and the Humane Society of the United States Animal Care Expo.